Rhinocerotidae

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The Sumatran rhinoceros or Rhinocerotidae is the smallest rhinoceros, it stands 3.67–4.76 ft. high at the shoulder, with a head-and-body length of 7.7 to 10.4 ft. and a tail of 14 to 28 in.

The Sumatran rhinoceros or Rhinocerotidae are now critically endangered, with only five substantial populations in the wild: four in Sumatra and one in Borneo.

Most feeding occurs just before nightfall and in the morning. The Sumatran rhino is a folivore, with a diet of young saplings, leaves, twigs, and shoots. The rhinos usually consume up to 110 lb. of food a day.

Primarily by measuring dung samples, researchers have identified more than 100 food species consumed by the Sumatran rhinoceros or Rhinocerotidae.

The largest portion of the diet is tree saplings with a trunk diameter of 0.39–2.36 in. The rhinoceros typically pushes these saplings over with its body, walking over the sapling without stepping on it, to eat the leaves.

Many of the plant species the rhino consumes exist in only small portions, which indicates the rhino is frequently changing its diet and feeding in different locations.

Among the most common plants the rhino eats are many species from the Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, and Melastomataceae families. The most common species the rhino consumes is Eugenia.

The vegetal diet of the Sumatran rhinoceros or Rhinocerotidae is high in fiber and only moderate in protein. Salt licks are very important to the nutrition of the rhino.

These licks can be small hot springs, seepages of salty water, or mud-volcanoes. The salt licks also serve an important social purpose for the rhinos—bulls visit the licks to pick up the scent of cows in oestrus.

Some Rhinocerotidae live in areas where salt licks are not readily available. These rhinos may get their necessary mineral requirements by consuming plants rich in minerals.